Novice to understand the structure and characteristics of machining centers

The machining center is mainly suitable for precision and complex parts processing; Periodic repeated production of parts processing; Processing of parts with multiple workstations and centralized processes; Processing of parts in appropriate batches, etc.

Characteristics of machining centers:

1. It can automatically change the spindle speed, feed rate, and tool movement trajectory relative to the workpiece of the machine tool.

Some machining centers have dual workbenches, where one workpiece can be loaded and unloaded while the other workpiece is being processed, and then the processing (loading and unloading) positions can be exchanged, thereby saving total processing time.

3 can significantly reduce the time for workpiece clamping, measurement, and machine tool adjustment, reduce the turnover, handling, and storage time of the workpiece, and greatly improve productivity.

For parts with complex machining shapes, high precision requirements, and frequent variety changes, * * has good economic efficiency.

Machining center structure

There are various types of machining centers, although their appearance and structure are different, they are generally composed of the following major parts.

(1) Basic components: Composed of large components such as the bed, column, and workbench, they are the basic components in the machining center structure. These large components include cast iron parts and welded steel structural parts, which must withstand the static load of the machining center and the cutting load during processing. Therefore, they must have high static and dynamic stiffness and are also components with large mass and volume in the machining center.

⑵ Spindle components: composed of parts such as spindle box, main sleeve motor, spindle and spindle bearing. The start, stop, and speed of the spindle are controlled by the CNC system and cut through the tools installed on the spindle. The spindle component is the power output component of cutting processing and a key component of the machining center. Its structure has a significant impact on the performance of the machining center.

CNC system: composed of CNC device, programmable controller, servo drive device, and electric motor. It is the center where the machining center executes sequential control actions and controls the machining process.

(4) Automatic tool changer (ATC): the machining center has the ability to process parts in multiple processes, and has a set of Automatic tool changer.